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Ezra Attiya
Ezra Attiya ((ヘブライ語:עזרא עטיא); (アラビア語:عزرا عطية)) (31 January 1887 – 25 May 1970)〔 was one of the greatest teachers of Torah in the Sephardic Jewish world during the 20th century. He was rosh yeshiva of Porat Yosef Yeshiva in Jerusalem for 45 years, nurturing thousands of students who, together with their students, constitute the bulk of Sephardic Torah leadership today.〔Reisman, L. M. "Rabbi Ezra Attia: Builder of Torah" in (''The Torah Profile: A treasury of biographical sketches'' ) (1998). Brooklyn, New York: Mesorah Publications, p. 92.〕 Among Attiya's most famous students are Rabbi Ovadia Yosef, Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu, Rabbi Ben Zion Abba Shaul, and Rabbi Yitzchak Kaduri.
==Early life==
Attiya was born on 31 January 1885 (Tu Bishvat 5645 on the Jewish calendar) in Aleppo, Syria, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire. His parents, Yitzchak and Leah, had lost several children in infancy, and before his birth they traveled to the gravesite of the Prophet Ezra to pray that if the child they were expecting was a boy, they would name him Ezra and see that he dedicated himself to a life of Torah.〔〔"Remembering Harav Ezra Attiya, Rosh Yeshivas Porat Yosef". ''Binah Bunch'', 11 May 2009.〕 He had one brother, Eliyahu. His father, a respected Aleppo melamed (teacher),〔Daykin, R. "Harav Ezra Attiya, zt"l, Rosh Yeshivah, Yeshivat Porat Yosef – On his 41st yahrtzeit, 19 Iyar". Hamodia Magazine, 19 May 2011, pp. 8–15. Retrieved 19 September 2011.〕 was a direct descendant of Rabbi Shem Tov Attiya, a disciple of Rabbi Joseph Caro, author of the Shulchan Aruch.
When Attiya was 16 years old, his family immigrated to Jerusalem's Old City, to which a large number of rabbis from Aleppo had immigrated.〔Reisman, p. 93.〕 Soon after, his father died, leaving an impoverished widow and two orphans. While his mother hired herself out for domestic work in the homes of wealthy people, young Ezra decided to devote his life to Torah study. He went to learn, pray, and sleep on a bench in a small ''beth midrash'' in the Bukharim neighborhood of the New City called ''Shoshanim LeDavid'', covering vast amounts of the Talmud with commentaries and ''poskim'' (halakhic decisors). As money was scarce in his household, he sustained himself with a nightly meal of dry pita seasoned with salt. In his old age, he told his students, "When I was young, I studied Torah through hardship. If we were truly fortunate, my mother and I had a whole pita to share. On rare occasions we also had an egg, which we divided in half. But the hunger did not bother me in the least."
In 1907, Rabbi Ezra Harari-Raful, another Aleppo immigrant, established Yeshivat Ohel Moed in Jerusalem. Attiya was asked to join its staff along with distinguished Sephardic Rabbis Yosef Yedid HaLevi, head of the Sephardic ''beit din'' (rabbinical court) of Jerusalem, Shlomo Laniado, and Avraham Haim Ades. He served as maggid shiur.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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